When you sit down to play a piano, you’ll notice a trio of pedals lurking beneath the keyboard. These three pedals are an essential part of the piano’s design, and they play a pivotal role in shaping the instrument’s sound and functionality. But why do pianos have three pedals, and what purpose does each of them serve? In this article, we will explore the history and functions of the three pedals found on most pianos.
- The Damper Pedal (Sustain Pedal)
The damper pedal, often referred to as the sustain pedal, is the most commonly used pedal on a piano. Located on the far right, this pedal allows the pianist to sustain the sound of the notes they play, even after releasing the keys. When the damper pedal is pressed, it raises all the dampers (the small pieces of felt that rest on the piano strings) off the strings, allowing the strings to vibrate freely. This results in a sustained, lingering sound that adds depth and richness to the music.
The damper pedal is a crucial tool for pianists, enabling them to create legato passages, connect notes, and produce a fuller, more resonant sound. It is an indispensable tool for pianists seeking to infuse their performances with emotion and expressiveness.
- The Soft Pedal (Una Corda Pedal)
Moving to the left, we encounter the soft pedal, also known as the una corda pedal. When pressed, this pedal shifts the entire piano action slightly to the right (in grand pianos) or shifts the hammers closer to the strings (in upright pianos). This results in a quieter and softer sound because, in grand pianos, only one string per note is struck (instead of the usual three) when the una corda pedal is engaged. In upright pianos, the hammers strike with less force, producing a milder tone.
The soft pedal is used to create delicate and intimate musical moments, making it an invaluable tool for pianists when they need to play softly without losing the expressive quality of their performance.
- The Sostenuto Pedal
The sostenuto pedal, found in grand pianos and some high-end upright pianos, is positioned in the middle. This pedal is the least commonly used but serves a unique purpose. When the sostenuto pedal is pressed, it sustains only the notes that are being held down at that moment. The dampers for all other notes remain in their resting positions.
This selective sustain allows pianists to create complex textures and harmonies. They can sustain certain notes while playing others without muddling the sound. The sostenuto pedal is often used in more advanced and complex pieces of classical music.
Conclusion
The three pedals found on most pianos are not just decorative; they are essential tools that provide pianists with a wide range of expressive possibilities. The damper pedal sustains notes, the soft pedal provides dynamic control, and the sostenuto pedal allows for selective sustain. Together, these pedals contribute to the piano’s versatility and ability to convey a vast array of emotions through music. Whether you’re playing a grand piano on a concert stage or an upright piano in a cozy living room, the three pedals are your allies in creating beautiful and captivating melodies.
